Prior to every takeoff and landing, what must be done to the galleys?

Prior to every takeoff and landing, it is essential to set cart brakes and ensure that doors are closed in the galleys. This is crucial for safety, as secure carts prevent movement during the aircraft's critical phases of flight and ensure that equipment does not interfere with operations. Additionally, closing the galley doors helps prevent any loose items from creating hazards and ensures a clear and organized environment for the crew to operate.

The other options, while potentially important to overall cleanliness or operational procedures, do not specifically address the immediate safety and procedural requirements set forth for takeoff and landing times. For example, turning off all lights is not a standard requirement for operations in the galley during these phases, and washing dishes or closing windows does not directly relate to ensuring that the galleys are secure for flight safety. Therefore, focusing on securing the carts and closing the doors is the most critical aspect for the crew's safety and efficiency.